Evaluation of the Structural Analysis Method for Historical Buildings Using a Soil–Structure Interaction Macro Modeling Approach: A Case Study of the Kayseri Melikgazi Tomb

Abstract

Historical structures are key monuments carrying the cultural and architectural heritage of past civilizations to the present day. Evaluating these structures using accurate analysis methods and modeling approaches is crucial for their preservation and safe transmission to future generations. In this study, with permissions from the General Directorate of Foundations, the structural behavior of historical masonry buildings was investigated through the historical Melikgazi Tomb case study using a macro-modeling technique with soil-structure interaction (SSI), and the applicability of this method was evaluated. A finite element model of the structure incorporating SSI was developed using the macro-modeling approach. Comparative analyses were conducted for two distinct cases: considering and neglecting SSI. The analysis results revealed observable differences in structural behavior between the two models, demonstrating that SSI is a critical parameter influencing the response of historical masonry structures. Additionally, the study evaluated the effectiveness and limitations of macro-modeling. The findings indicate that the SSI-based macro-modeling technique is suitable for general structural assessments; however, it may exhibit limitations when detailed evaluations are required. This research aims to contribute to risk assessment studies from both academic and professional perspectives.